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Anatomy by Level of Organization

• 1Synapses
• 2Neurotransmitters

• 1Neurons
• 2Glial Cells

• 1The Brain
• 2The Nervous System

• 1Individual Behaviour

• 1Social Groups

Function by Level of Organization

• 1Nerve Conduction
• 2Synaptic Transmission

• 1Neural Communication
• 2Axons Myelination

• 1The Wired Brain
• 2The Hormonal Brain

• 1Choosing Behaviours

• 1Group Dynamics

How Memory Works

• 1Long-Term Potentiation

• 1Plasticity in Neural Networks

• 1Short-Term Memory
• 2Long-Term Memory

• 1Memory and Learning
• 2Sensory, Short-Term and Long-Term Memory
• 3Different Types of Long-Term Memory

• 1 Collective Memory

Forgetting and Amnesia

• 1 Long-Term Depression

• 1When the Hippocampal Circuits are Disturbed

• 1Lesions that Cause Amnesia

• 1 How Exercising your Memory Strenghtens it
• 2 Types of Amnesia
• 3Anterograde and Retrograde Amnesia

• 1Forgetting History

Pleasure-Seeking Behaviour

• 1 The Role of Dopamine

• 1 The Reward Circuit

• 1 The Pleasure Centres

• 1Seeking Pleasure and Avoiding Pain

• 1 The Philosophies of Pleasure

Pleasure and Drugs

• 1 How Drugs Affect Neuro-Transmitters

• 1When the Reward Circuit Gets Over-Heated

• 1The Pleasure Centres Affected by Drugs

• 1 Drug Consumptions
• 2 Drug Dependancy

• 1 Social Control of Drugs

Avoiding Pain

• 1 Molecules that produce pain
• 2 Molecules that reduce pain

• 1 Ascending pain pathways
• 2 Descending pain-control pathways

• 1The neuromatrix of pain

• 1 Various types of pain
• 2 The placebo effect

• 1 Sharing other people's pain

Fear, Anxiety and Anguish

• 1 Anxiety Neuro-Transmitters
• 2 GABA Receptors

• 1 The Circuit of the Body's Alarm System

• 1 The Amygdala and its Allies
• 2The Two Pathways of Fear

• 1When Fear Takes the Controls

• 1The Cultures of Fear

Our Evolutionary Inheritance

• 1 How Life on Earth Began
• 2 The Building Blocks of Life

• 1 The Origin of Mitochondria

• 1 The Evolutionary Layers of the Human Brain

• 1 Evolutionary Psychology
• 2 The Critique of Evolutionary Psychology

• 1Creationist Attacks on Evolution

Making a Voluntary Movement

• 1 The Role of the Neuromuscular Junction in Muscle Contraction
• 2 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors

• 1 The Axons Entering and Leaving the Motor Cortex
• 2The Distinctive Architecture of the Cerebellum

• 1 The Motor Cortex
• 2 The Basal Ganglia
• 3Le cervelet
• 4The Activation Sequence for the Motor Areas

• 1Mental Imaging of Body Movements

• 1 The Organization of Manual Work

Vision

• 1Photo-Receptors
• 2 How Light Gets Converted Into Nerve Impulses

• 1 The Retina
• 2 Receptive Fields, from the Retina to the Cortex
• 3The Cellular Structure of the Visual Cortex

• 1The Eye
• 2The Targets of the Optic Nerve
• 3 The Various Visual Cortexes

• 1What Optical Illusions Show Us About Visual Perception

• 1 Motion Pictures: the Grand Optical Illusion

Depression and Manic Depression

• 1 Serotonin and Other Molecules Involved in Depression
• 2Antidepressants

• 1Antidepressants and the Growth of New Neurons

• 1 Parts of the Brain that Slow Down or Speed Up in Depression

• 1Symptoms, Treatments, and Causes of Depression
• 2 Symptoms, Treatments, and Causes of Manic Depression

• 1Suicide

Anxiety Disorders

• 1Tranquilizers

• 1 The Traces of Anxiety in the Circuits of the Amygdala

• 1 Brain Abnormalities Associated with Anxiety Disorders

• 1Phobias
• 2 Panic Disorders
• 3 Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTST)
• 4 Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
• 5 Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)

• 1 Religions: Helpful Tranquilizers, or Opiate of the People

Alzheimer’s-type Dementia

• 1Beta-Amyloid Protein
• 2The Tau Protein

• 1Amyloid Plaques And Neurofibrillary Tangles

• 1Cortical Atrophy In Alzheimer's

• 1Cognitive Losses Associated With Alzheimer's
• 2Risk Factors And Prevention

• 1Family and Social Support

From Embryo to Ethics

• 1 The Growth Cone
• 2 The Molecules that Guide the Growth Cone
• 3 Trophic Factors and Neuronal Death
• 4 Formation and Selective Stabilization of Synapses

• 1 How Stem Cells Form Neurons
• 2 How Neurons Connect to One Another

• 1 From Fertilization to Embryo
• 2 How the Nervous System Begins
• 3 How the Major Subdivisions of the Brain are Formed

• 1Piaget's Model of Cognitive Development
• 2Beyond Piaget's Model
• 3 Critical Periods in Cognitive Development

• 1 Moral Development

Communicating in Words

• 1Genes that are Essential for Speech

• 1 Are Mirror Neurons the Basis for Communication?

• 1Broca's Area, Wernicke's Area, and other Language Processing Areas in the Brain
• 2 Models of Spoken and Written Language Functions in the Brain
• 3Handedness, Language, and Brain Lateralization
• 4 The Right Hemisphere's Contribution to Language

• 1The Connections Between Thought and Language
• 2 Learning to Speak
• 3 Language Disorders

• 1 The Origins of Language

The Sleep/Dream/Wake Cycle

• 1Molecules that build up and make you sleep

• 1 The neuronal switches for waking and sleeping
• 2 How neurons generate brain waves

• 1 The brain structures that wake you up and put you to sleep
• 2 The brain during REM sleep

• 1 The different types of sleep
• 2 The sleep cycles in a night
• 3 Dreams
• 4 Sleep disorders

• 1 Working at night

Our Biological Clock

• 1 Our molecular clockwork

• 1 Light-sensitive ganglion cells

• 1 The suprachiasmatic nuclei and the pineal gland

• 1 Chronobiology

• 1 Jet lag

The Sense of Self

• 1Can quantum effects explain counsciousness?

• 1 Neuronal assemblies and synchronization of brain activity

• 1 Can states of consciousness be mapped in the brain?

• 1What is consciousness?
• 2 Philosophical position on consciousness
• 3 Theories of consciousness in the cognitive sciences
• 4 Flaws in the classical model of consciousness
• 5 Some promising concepts and models from the neurosciences

• 1 The function and evolutionary origins of consciousness
• 2 The question of free will